Investigating the Spatial Structure of Error in Digital Surface Models Derived from Laser Scanning Data

نویسندگان

  • Holland
  • and Longley
چکیده

Laser scanning produces a set of irregularly spaced data points, the values of which indicate the height of the surface above datum. These data are frequently used for creating digital surface models (DSM) which represent the upper surface of the earth, or features on that surface. As the first stage in this modelling process, many commercial software packages require that the irregularly spaced raw data points are interpolated onto a regular grid before a DSM can be created. This process of interpolation introduces error into the surface model. Errors within height models have, in the past, been communicated in terms of global measures of accuracy for the model. Such quantification ignores the spatial structure of errors across the surface, hindering subsequent analysis. This paper investigates the structure, spatial patterns, and magnitude of these errors, with the aim of aiding future decision-making based on the derived DSM. This paper focuses on a number of processes which affect the level and the location of errors within a model, including comparing a variety of interpolation methods and altering the size of grid spacings for the resampling. Understanding both the quantities and the spatial structure of the error is important where models are to be used for subsequent detailed analysis, such as for telecommunications planners and flood modellers. The ability to anticipate where the largest errors are likely to occur is of paramount importance in order to assess the confidence value which may be attached to any subsequent analysis based upon the models. RÉSUMÉ Laser scanning produit une série de points irrégulièrement espacés, dont les valeurs indiquent la hauteur à la surface de la terre. Ces données sont fréquemment utilisées pour créer les Digital Surface Models (DSM) qui représentent la surface supérieure de la terre. Beaucoup de logiciels commerciaux exigent que les points irrégulièrement espacés soient interpolés sur une grille régulière avant qu'un DSM puisse être construit. Ce procédé d'interpolation introduit l'erreur dans le modèle de surface. Les erreurs dans les modèles de hauteur ont, dans le passé, été communiqués sous la forme de mesures globales de précision pour le modèle. Une telle quantification néglige la structure spatiale des erreurs à travers la surface, freinant l'analyse et l'identification de clusters de points. Cet article examine la structure, la répartition spatiale, et l'amplitude de ces erreurs, dans le but d'améliorer les futur prises de décision basées sur le DSM dérivé. Ces papier se concentre sur plusieurs traitements qui affectent le niveau et l'emplacement d'erreurs dans le modèle, dont une comparaison entre differentes méthodes d'interpolation et la modification de la taille des mailles de grille pour le reechaintillonage. La compréhension de la quantité et de la structure spatiale des erreurs sont importants pour les modèles destinés á une analyse détaillée, telle que la planification pour les télécommunications et la modellisation d'inondations. La capacité de pouvoir prévoir où les plus importantes erreurs vont probablement se produire est extremenment importance pour évaluer le niveau de confiance qui peut être attachée à toute analyse basée sur un modèle donné. * corresponding author

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تاریخ انتشار 2003